Aphorisms of ?iva: The ?ivaS?tra with Bh?skara's Commentary, the V?rttika

The ?ivaS?tra was revealed to Vasugupta by ?iva in order to counter the effects of dualism. This revelation initiated the hermeneutics of syntheses and exegesis climaxed by the great Abhinavagupta. The ?ivaS?tra is the most important scripture in the Trika system of Kashmir Shaivism. As a book on yoga, it explains the nature and cause of bondage and the means to liberation from bondage.Bh?skara is in the direct lineage of Vasugupta. To Bh?skara's commentary, Mark Dyczkowski has added his translation of an anonymous commentary as an aid to understanding Bh?skara's interpretation. This anonymous writer also serves as a bridge between Ksemar?ja's and Bh?skara's commentaries, drawing from both. The commentary on each sutra is thus in three layers. Bh?skara's commentary is first, followed by the anonymous commentary, after which Dyczkowski adds his own exposition and compares Bh?skara and Ksemar?ja.Mark S. G. Dyczkowski took his first degree at Banaras Hindu University and then his doctorate at Oxford. He is presently associated with Sampurnananda Sanskrit University in Varanasi. He is the author of The Doctrine of Vibration: An Analysis of the Doctrines and Practices of Kashmir Shaivism; The Canon of the ?aiv?gama and the Kubjik?: Tantras of the Western Kaula Tradition; and The Stanzas on Vibration: The SpandaK?rik? with Four Commentaries.